Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Summery of Animal Dreams by Barbara Kingsolver Essay

The novel begins narrated from the view of a man named Homero, who is also known as ‘Doc Homer’. In the brief chapter he remembers watching his two daughters, sleeping when they were younger. With their mother dead, Homero has had to raise them on his own since they were a young age. The story develops a dual narrative voice, with the second chapter narrated by Codi, the elder daughter who in the present, is in her thirties. Hallie, the younger sister, withdraws from the home she shares with Codi and Carlo in Tucson Arizona, determined to assist the brand-new communist government with crop production in Nicaragua. Codi also departs from Tucson to return to her rustic hometown of Grace, where Doc Homer has developed Alzheimers in his old†¦show more content†¦The older woman of town a.k.a ‘The Stitch and Bitch Club’, take action by going to Tucson selling homemade pià ±atas using feathers of the local peacocks. Codi joins the group and soon involves her classes, as she becomes extremely enthusiastic on the subject. On Christmas, while Codi is visiting Loyd’s family at the Pueblo of Santa Rosalia, Doc Homer gets a call stating that a group that includes Hallie have been abducted by the Contras. Codi develops deep depression and for the next few months eagerly awaits a phone call to tell her that her sister is safe. Unfortunately Codi eventually receives a call that Hallie’s body was found on the side of a road with her hands tied up and a bullet in her head, along with many other victims. She tries to inform Doc of these events but in his weak mental state is lost in his own mind and does not understand the news as he often sees Hallie and Codi as the little girls they once were. Meanwhile, the The Stitch and Bitch Club files a petition and the mine company finally announces that it is shutting down and will also clean up the river. Codi decides to leave Grace as she is extremely confused. After her plane is forced to turn around she gains courage and returns to Grace, where she ho lds a funeral for Hallie. Codi also informs Loyd about the child she miscarried in high school. At the end of the book we see that a year later Doc Homer has passed away, and Codi, still

Monday, December 16, 2019

One Simple Trick for Iliad Essay Topics Unveiled

One Simple Trick for Iliad Essay Topics Unveiled Thus an argument gets necessary. You first have to establish the reason behind your essay, before you're able to write persuasive content about it. If you get a superior thesis, however, generally you'll have the ability to articulate it in 1 sentence. As a way to strongly support the viewpoint you hold about the subject, this argument ought to be absolutely the most convincing bit of evidence. Next, you have to think about the method on how you wish to relay it to your readers. When it is argumentative or informative essays, you must develop a topic that could grab the interest of the reader right away and this isn't such an easy job. There are different ways of writing an essay but the fundamental structure stays the same. Our example essay may also help you to understand how to use various style of writing. The Argument About Iliad Essay Topics This essay is likely to end up being 300 to 600 words, so in case you pick solid examples and make certain you are very clear in your explanations of things, it won't difficult to reach. Furthermore, make an attempt to examine several angles of the problem, any illogical things and negatives you'll have the ability to observe can be turned into your favor. Set your objective first, and after that produce a means to write it in an intriguing manner for your readers to relish. In this way, the reader may also feel the way to be in that specific birthday party. The best speakers know that one of the simplest methods to relax is to learn to breathe properly. No matter the length of time you've had public speaking jobs, take some time and invest to construct your hot list. You should make sure you're very interested in the topic before it's possible to persuade others about it. Some have limited time to read and compose a paper while some simply have the issue of managing well their time and meeting their specified deadlines. There's something intrinsically vital in being there for one another, even if it doesn't benefit us as individuals. You might have to underline the source of the prevailing prejudice in young folks particularly. Different significance of a particular word depends upon the group of individuals who uses it. There are cases which people have variations in regards to interpreting or giving meanings to words. Life, Death, and Iliad Essay Topics In school, essay writing has be en made to be part of our learning activity. Getting access to our example essays is extremely simple and inexpensive. Adhering to these guidelines will allow you to structure your essay effectively and ensure it is personal and original. Sociology essays manage the study of human social behavior in a society, therefore, it is quite interesting for the students who want to know more about human psyche but boring for people who don't like studying their species. There's a lot of great college application essay topics that you're able to select for your paper. Occasionally, selecting a great argumentative essay topics will be quite tough. Choosing fantastic essay topics for middle school needs to be a careful procedure, where a balance must be struck between topics that might be too simplistic, more fit for the key school, and choosing argumentative essay topics that could be too elaborate or controversial. Following are a few of the advised sociology essay topic for those students that are unable to decide on a great topic for their assignment. You're guaranteed the communication essay is going to be that which you've asked for. Incorporating humor in your essay may be a massive benefit. Greatest essay papers ought to be original and plagiarism free. Students are unable to produce a superior parcel of prejudice essays, not because they can't write essays but probably on account of the simple fact that they're unable to create excelle nt titles for essays on prejudice. Moving forward with my essays, there are lots of things that I need to concentrate on. Also, utilize all the scratch paper you require. Your personal ideas and opinions in the paper has to be supported with arguments. You may have to select a suitable topic for your essay paper and you're running short of ideas.

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Modeling Definition And The Concepts Of BPM -Myassignmenthelp.COm

Question: Discuss About The Modeling Definition And The Concepts Of BPM? Answer: Introduction An organization is required to undergo Knowledge Audit to know its knowledge capabilities and helps in identifying the gaps between the current knowledge and the strategic objectives of the organization. This report revolves around Eni, which has secured sixth position as an integrated energy firm in the world. The mainly concentrated areas are business model of the organization, its competitive environment, its strategies, its corporate governance system and risk management model. Eni is one of the largest integrated company which focus on energy production, up to down streams. The current system of this enterprise is based on sustainable value creation. It mainly focuses on the business model, strategy and risk management of the organization. Eni operates in a complex environment, to achieve sustainability in its business. But, this sustainability management system is not suitable for this process and it affects the business decisions related to financial, manufacturing, intellectual, social and human areas. Objectives The objective of this report is to help the organization identify its knowledge capabilities, to know whether the key business objectives are met or not to accomplish success. Thus, the business context and current business processes will be researched. The importance of external and internal environment analysis will be determined. Effective tools and techniques will be utilized to accomplish the same. The effective ethical and professional issues with its solution will be provided. The Strategic Plan, SWOT analysis and Knowledge Audit Plan will be discussed. Finally, the relevant ethical and professional issues will be addressed with appropriate solutions. Business Context Sustainability is the main business approach which is used in Eni to achieve economic growth, to enhance the reputation and to create opportunities for the local people. The key drivers of this business model mainly focus on the cooperation, integration, innovation, excellence, inclusion and responsibility. Business Case This business model is mainly based on the analysis of external competitive environment. It also identifies the challenges of the industries and describes the process which are implemented to face the challenges. This distinctive business approach includes the following strategies to enhance its business process: To be local Developing the in-house competences Mitigation of risk and its management Current Business Processes and Problems At present, the organization Eni has a complex environment that is following for achieving business sustainability. The issue is that, the followed sustainability management system is unsuitable for this process. Because, it has negative impact on business decisions in financial, manufacturing, intellectual, social and human departments. Project Management Overview The organization named as Eni is a largest integrated company. It focuses on production of energy, up to down streams. Sustainable value creation is the major concern of the current system, thus it concentrates on the organizations business model, strategy and risk management. This sustainable business uses integrated thinking to consider the relationship between its different functions and operations (Lucidchart.com, 2018). Objectives and Strategies The main strategic guidelines of the organization includes, profitable growth, focusing on the core areas, operation ship, enhancing the downstream operations, leveraging in the flexibility of the asset, focusing on the customers and making partnership with the NOCs. This helps to accomplish the key business objectives for a successful business. Current Business Processes Sustainable value creation is based on the business model which integrates risk management system with the stake holders. This model has different distinctive features including drivers, governance, assets and strategic guidelines (McKinsey Company, 2018). In Scope and Out of Scope Activities The project must be documented and processed well, to view the annual report, sustainability and annual remuneration reports. Decrease the changes based on the allotted budget. Stakeholders The stakeholders of the organization includes, customers, business partners, employees, regulators, local communities, policy makers and suppliers. Roles and Responsibilities The roles and responsibilities of the resources are mentioned as follows: Stakeholders Role: The role of the stakeholders in the organization is to initiate investment, in management, for voting in decision making process and to monitor social and environmental impact of their decisions (Stoval, 2017). Responsibility: The responsibilities are (Philrichardson.co.uk, 2018): To understand the business rationale and to make sure the projects strategy fits well. To have knowledge of the requirements. To show commitment for the required resources. To stay updated about the progress of the project. Provide necessary training. To identify and resolve the problems and risks in the project. Employees Role: To work for meeting the set goals of the organization. Responsibility: To put all their possible efforts and work show their responsibilities in their work (Hill, 2013). Business Analyst Role: The business analysts have various roles as listed below (Villanovau.com, 2018): To assist the case of the business. To develop a plan and to monitor it effectively. To extract the requirements. To organize the extracted requirements. To simplify and manage the requirements with effective communication. Responsibility: The responsibilities of the business analyst are (Josh, 2017): To do presentations related to project, so that the project details are conveyed to all involved in the project. To clearly analyze the business requirements. To gather both functional and non-functional requirements of the project. To help in implementing the project plan and also help in building the team. To resolve problems with effective decisions. To perform acceptance testing. To maintain the operations of the systems Functional Requirements The functional requirements are to make sure all the business processes are working effectively, after the implementation of change. Non-Functional Requirements The non-functional requirements includes to accomplish effective results from the implemented change. Business Process Modelling BPM (Business Process Modelling) is a method to map all the processes of the business, which helps in improving the process. Develop Process Flows and Supporting Diagrams The ides of displaying complex information visually such as flow chart pie chart and visual formats go back much earlier. Most recently, the visual displays are used to simplify the complex philosophical issues by using mind mapping techniques. Business modeling techniques provides a sophisticated and flexible analysis modeling platform that can be used in planning. A clear understanding of the nature and distinctiveness of these business modeling tools may offer educators as yet unrealized and potentially complementary function can aid employee to learn well (Smartdraw.com, 2018). The purpose of mind mapping is to easily understand the concepts of the business modeling. It represents the relationship between the complex diagrams. In Enis case, the mind mapping is used to provide the overall organizations visual representation. Enis case has the following metrics to improve the organization assessment and management: Enis Approach to sustainable value creation. Diffusion of integrated thinking. Enis journey towards integrated reporting. Participation in the IIRC pilot program. Enis 2012 Integrated annual reports All the above factors provide the overall representation of Enis organization. Eni organization was interested to improve the organization assessment and its management (HEFLO EN, 2018). So, organization used new business approach model i.e., integrated thinking. The existing business modelling approach does not achieve organization assets. So, it requires using integrated thinking approach to improve the organizations assets such as human resource, social, environmental, manufactured, intellectual and financial assets. These assets must be improved in the prosed systems. It also improves the internal management system and external communication process for an organization. Organizational Frame The organizational frame includes: Project Management Information Management Sustainability Management Integrated Thinking Strategic Planning Cost Controlling Change management Business Technologies Business Process Modelling Technology is the utilized. Design Principles Business analysts are the facilitators and communicators of the organization. They elicit the requirements of the business and shifts the information to the related team. The ethical and professional issues faced by these business analysts are discussed below: Paralysis in the Analysis Process In this process, the business analyst analyses all the processes of the business model with in a short period of time. Hence, the BA doesnt know where the process starts and where it ends. This over analysis leads to the clarification of the question again and again. Requires confirmation again and again, develops more resources than the requirement. Uncooperative Stakeholders When the stake holders are not cooperative with the business analyst, the business information will not be shared to the Business analyst. Hence, it requires to ask them personally. Undocumented Processes Sometimes, the stake holders will not provide the concrete documentation about the requirements at the early stage. But they will require modifications in the business process. At this situation the business analyst is responsible to get the clear requirement from the stakeholders (HEFLO EN, 2018). Knowledge and Skills The business analyst needs to work with the business and production part of the industry. These two fields are different and it has many areas. Hence, the BA needs to have good knowledge and experience to cope up with the transition. Resolving the Conflicts of Customers When the new approach is implemented in the business model, the business analyst needs to explain the modified approach and resolves the conflicts between them. Accountability for Decisions The instances of current business model needs to be changed to make it more efficient. The customers or stake holders will not approve it voluntarily. At this situations the business analyst should take the decision at the dead end. Environmental Analysis This section projects the required resources and skills for the Organization. The skills are listed below: Project Management Skills Information Management Skills Sustainability Management Skills Integrated Thinking Skills Strategic Planning Skills Cost Controlling Skills The resources are listed below: Stakeholders Employees Business Analyst Business Process Modelling Technology for managing the BPM (Rouse, 2018) (Creately Blog, 2014) Implementation Strategy The implementation strategy is to meet the objective for the organizations sustainability such as: Integration Cooperation Innovation Excellence Inclusiveness and Responsibility Therefore, the above mentioned objectives denote to have clarity and strictness in the governance rules and ethical standards for integrating the corporate risk management system and to have continuous interaction with the companys stakeholders. Organizational Changes required for Collecting New Data Enis journey towards integrated report to provide the year-on-year improvement in company performance depends on the new reporting key performance indicator (KPI). Integrated report requires collecting new data to improve the organizations assets and management. Collected data is used for improving skills, resources and strategic plan, which helps to complete the audit in the future analysis. Thus, KPI helps to accomplish the set goals (Klipfolio.com, 2018). Change and Risk Management Business process modelling is used to represent the organization activities such as analyzed, automated and improved current process. Business process modelling is typically performed by the business analysts. It increases the speed of the operations process and its quality. It also reduces the process cycle time and costs such as, capital costs, material costs, labor costs and scrap costs. In Enis case, the main process modeling includes the existing and proposed approach such as sustainability and integrated thinking. Sustainability business process is used to provide long term value creation (Shethna, 2017). It manages the organization risks such as political, financial and operational risks. But, the company operates the complexity environment, so it does not achieve the sustainability process. So, organization needs to use the integrated thinking to reduce the environment complexity. Both business approaches are based on the key performance indicator, to measure the value to dep ict the growth of the company. The main process modelling diagram is shown below. The Sustainability approach does not satisfy the organizations assets and management. But, integrated thinking approach is used to achieve the economic and financial results. It creates new opportunities to improve the organizations assets and management. Integrated thinking has the two main process such as planning and integrated risk management. The planning process is used to improve and identify the new activities and contribute to sustainable value creations. It also reaches the organization strategic targets. The integrated risk management process is used to define the organization risk management and assessment in an integrated way. It must be considered as the organizations overall risk events that are used to evaluate the risk metrics. It is also use the report and monitoring system to evaluate the overall risks and highlighted the most relevant risks. These two process are used to achieve the organization target and reinforce the long term sustainable value creations. The p roposed approach is integrated thinking, which is used to improve the internal management system and external communication process for an organization. It is as shown below. Risk Analysis and Management The internal environment contains factors that can be controlled and are impacted on the approach and accomplishment of the operation, whereas the external environment contains factors that the organization has no control on, and which can impact on the success of the organization. SWOT analysis is an effective method to determine the internal and external environment of the organization. It determines the core competencies, it decreases the identified threats and weaknesses of the organization, and takes advantage of the determined opportunities and strengths. In the organizations, SWOT analysis also supports in identifying the gaps related to resources. The following is the SWOT analysis of Eni Company: Internal Strengths This section determines the strength of the organization. It is the sixth largest integrated energy company in the world, based on market value. Thus, the company holds strong position in oil and gas value chain, right from hydrocarbon exploration phase to product marketing. It has nearly 78,000 employees. It has net sales of 127 billion, from its operations. It is a part of securing energy supplies, with an integrated business model. It functions for supplying, trading and marketing the natural gas and LN. It works for generating and selling electricity. It aspires to develop its International Oil Company (IOC) both in terms of managing and technological aspects. It is the leading company to distribute petroleum products. It also functions as a leading contractor for engineering, project management, procurement and for construction. Its approach with the shareholders helps to preserve its investments and allows to attain increase in production. This organization has presented excelling results when it comes to exploration and production. Environment prevention steps and activities. It follows mitigating risks. It believes in integrated thinking. It concentrates on constant improvement. Internal Weaknesses This section determines the weaknesses of the organization, which could become even better. Strong competencies and new strategies have become the reason for higher degree of accidents in the processes. For instance, in the improvising the processes, technologies and performance-based contract approach (Aiim.org, 2018). Sustainability increases environmental complexities. External Opportunities This section determines the opportunities for the organization, whose advantage can be gained. Increased profit from the production of oil and gas. The core areas will have stronger competitive status. Can ensure establishing strategic partnership. The production could increase. Increase the flexibility of assets in activity like refinery. Upgrading of network can be profitable for the downstream operations. External Threats This section determines the threats for the organization, which mentions the significant risks to be monitored. The operational risk are considered as the main potential threat for the upstream activities, in environmental, financial and reputational terms. Environmental complexity. Uncertainty in the business market. Knowledge Need Analysis Knowledge Inventory Analysis Knowledge Flow Analysis Knowledge Mapping Determine clear objective for KPI of the company. Make a point to share the KPI with the stakeholders. Based on week or month wise review the KPI of the company. Keep in mind that the KPI should be actionable. The changing business needs must be changed with KPI. Inspect the attainability of KPI. Then, accordingly update the objectives of KPI as required. Select appropriate KPIs, for best KPI best practices in the business. Conclusion It is commended that, any organization must first clearly determine its objectives. Then, knowledge capabilities must be assessed. Further, it must select appropriate KPIs to have best KPI business practices, to lead the organization towards success. It must follow effective strategic plan. Make sure that the strategy must be sound enough to fit between the internal resources like the Strengthen and Weaknesses; and external situations like the Opportunities and Threats. Integrated thinking among the people present in the organization will help in representing their views in broader perspective like the positive results in economic, financial, environmental and society. The problem is identified and resolved. It is observed that the existing business process is based on Sustainability, whereas the proposed business process concentrates on Integrated thinking to decrease the issues related to decision making in the processes like finance, manufacturing, human resource, organizational environmental, intellectual and social processes. Thus, the set objectives are met. The business context and current business processes are researched. The importance of external and internal environment analysis is determined, where the following points are defined - An effective method for determining the internal and external environment of the organization can be considered as SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is expected to determine the core competencies, then it helps to decrease the threats and weaknesses of the organization, and takes advantage of the determined opportunities and strengths. However, it also helps to identify the gaps related to resources in the organ ization. The effective tools and techniques utilized to accomplish the objectives are CMap software for Mind Mapping and ADONIS software for process modelling. The Strategic Plan, SWOT analysis and Knowledge Audit Plan are discussed and presented. The roles and responsibilities are listed. Hence, the issues was in sustainability where the environment had various complexities. Henceforth, to reduce these complexities integrated thinking approach is proposed. Therefore, relevant ethical and professional issues are addressed with appropriate solutions. References Aiim.org. (2018).What is Business Process Management?. [online] Available at: https://www.aiim.org/What-is-BPM# [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. Creately Blog. (2014).Business Process Modeling Tutorial (BPM Guide Explaining Features) - Creately Blog. [online] Available at: https://creately.com/blog/diagrams/business-process-modeling-tutorial/ [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. Greenchameleon.com. (2018).How-to Guides. [online] Available at: https://www.greenchameleon.com/gc/guides/ [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. HEFLO EN. (2018). Business Process Modeling Definition and the concepts of BPM. [online] Available at: https://www.heflo.com/blog/process-modeling/process-modeling-definition/ [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. HEFLO EN. (2018).Strategic business process management in 6 steps. [online] Available at: https://www.heflo.com/blog/bpm/strategic-business-management-process/ [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. Hill, B. (2013).What Are the Stakeholders' Roles in a Company?. [online] Smallbusiness.chron.com. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/stakeholders-roles-company-25029.html [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. Josh, S. (2017).Top 10 Responsibilities of a Business Analyst. [online] Zarantech. Available at: https://www.zarantech.com/blog/top-10-responsibilities-business-analyst/ [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. Klipfolio.com. (2018).KPI Examples. [online] Available at: https://www.klipfolio.com/resources/kpi-examples#types-of-kpis [Accessed 30 Jan. 2018]. Km.nasa.gov. (2015).Knowledge Audit. [online] Available at: https://km.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2015/11/Knowledge-Audit.pdf [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. Lucidchart.com. (2018).Log In. [online] Available at: https://www.lucidchart.com/documents/edit/009cc60c-e4b6-429f-8cc1-101df61298e8# [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. McKinsey Company. (2018).Three keys to building a data-driven strategy. [online] Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/three-keys-to-building-a-data-driven-strategy [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. Nepal, M. (2017). Business Process Management - Definition, Steps Benefits. [online] KiSSFLOW. Available at: https://kissflow.com/bpm/business-process-management-overview/ [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. Philrichardson.co.uk. (2018).Stakeholder - Roles and Responsibilities. [online] Available at: https://philrichardson.co.uk/pa450/teamwork/st_role.htm [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. PNMsoft. (2016).Business Process Management Platform. [online] Available at: https://www.pnmsoft.com/resources/bpm-tutorial/bpm/ [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. Rouse, M. (2018).Business process management (BPM). [online] SearchCIO. Available at: https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/business-process-management [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. Shethna, J. (2017).10 Effective Steps for Strategic Planning Process. [online] eduCBA. Available at: https://www.educba.com/strategic-planning-process/ [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. Smartdraw.com. (2018).Business Process Mapping and Modeling - Tips, Examples, Tutorials, More. [online] Available at: https://www.smartdraw.com/business-process-mapping/ [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. Stoval, Q. (2017).Role of Stakeholders in Business. [online] Bizfluent.com. Available at: https://bizfluent.com/info-8154298-role-stakeholders-business.html [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. Villanovau.com. (2018).Business Analyst Job Description. [online] Available at: https://www.villanovau.com/resources/business-analysis/business-analyst-job-description/#.WnFh_1SWZdg [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018].

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Race Crime Essay Example

Race Crime Essay There have been many studies conducted by both academics and government organisations to gain further insight into the reasons why, when compared to their representation as members of the population as a whole, people from black minority ethnic backgrounds, widely referred to as BME groups, are massively overrepresented in the criminal justice system in England and Wales (Webster, 2007;111). However, Feilzer and Hood have warned that all research has failed to conclusively prove whether different outcomes for minority ethnic people have been due to discrimination or as a result of other factors (Webster, 2007;112). This essay aims to critically account for the disproportionate presence of BME groups in the criminal justice system, in particular the police, the prison service and the courts, exploring possible reasons for the overrepresentation such as social exclusion and socio-economic disadvantage. The essay will also draw comparisons with other countries such as the United States of America and Australia. Criticism of the police and their relationship with BME groups is nothing new, and tensions within British society were exacerbated with the influx of West Indian immigrants in the 1950s. A study conducted in the 1960s compared urban and rural policing and described the negative stereotype that police officers held of members of the black community (Spalek, 2002;77). More recently, the murder of Stephen Lawrence and the subsequent Lawrence Inquiry produced a startling insight into the degree of, what Lord Macpherson termed, institutional racism within the criminal justice system (Macpherson, 1999). Recent statistics from the Ministry of Justice (MJ) illustrate the overrepresentation of BME groups in the criminal justice system. We will write a custom essay sample on Race Crime specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Race Crime specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Race Crime specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Ministry of Justice report, Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2008/2009 (MJ, 2010) highlights some of the substantial differences that exist between the experiences of people from BME groups compared with those from a white background (MJ, 2010). The report illustrates that BME groups are disproportionately represented at every stage of the criminal justice system but specifically in stop and search, arrests and the prison population. However, this is not simply an issue in England and Wales, but reflects problems faced by criminal justice systems in other countries around the world (Bhui, 2009;50). It has been well established by many authors and studies that the use of stop and search powers by the police has been the most controversial issue (Bowling and Phillips, 2003;534) when dealing with the topic of policing minority ethnic communities. Stop and search powers are governed by section 1 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) 1984, which requires the police to have reasonable suspicion. It is this concept that gives rise to concerns about discrimination and racial profiling (Davies et al, 2005;170). People from BME backgrounds are also more likely to be stopped under the stop and search powers of section 60 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, and are less likely to be given a reason for being stopped (Davies et al, 2005;171). Black and Asian people are 26. 6 and 6. 3 times more likely to be stopped and searched respectively than white people, under Section 60 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 (Townsend, 2010). This is a higher stop and search ratio than that recorded before the publication in 1999 of the Inquiry report into the murder of the black teenager, Stephen Lawrence. Section 60 powers enabled the police to use such stop and search in exceptional circumstances but has subsequently allowed the abuse of such powers through increased stereotyping, further alienating the most affected communities (Townsend, 2010). The report concluded that the overuse of stop and search had created significant mistrust in minority ethnic communities (Travis, 2010), and contributes to the idea that the system is institutionally racist. The Ministry of Justice report found that there has been a 70 per cent rise in BME being stopped and searched over the past 5 years. In England and Wales as a whole it was recorded that 18 people of a white background and 135 of a BME background per 1000 of the population were subject to the use of Stop and Search by the police under section 1 of PACE 1984 (MJ, 2010). The statistics show that under PACE, Black people were 7. 2 times more likely, and Asian people were 2. 1 times more likely to be stopped and searched than white people (MJ, 2010). It could therefore be argued that stop and searches are disproportionately carried out on people from BME backgrounds, under both PACE and the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act. However, there was a large variation in the number of stop and searches throughout England and Wales. In London the number per 1000 of the population was 47 white and 210 black. This variation is a result of several factors. Firstly, 54 percent of the black population of England and Wales live in London, and are therefore more likely to be stopped and searched than any other area. Secondly, 42 percent of all stop and searches are carried out by the Metropolitan Police Service, which only serve 14 percent of the whole population of England and Wales (MJ, 2010). In contrast, there are other areas within England and Wales such as Cumbria and Durham where the rate of stop and searches per 1000 of the population for those from black backgrounds compared to white backgrounds was 0. 7. This means that more white people are stopped and searched per 1000 of the population than black people (MJ, 2010). Findings from the report Offending, Crime and Justice Survey 2003-06 suggested that an individuals ethnic group was not significantly associated with increased or reduced likelihood of offending (MJ, 2010). It is however, believed that BME communities are considered to be suspect populations (Webster, 2010;95) with the tendency for black and Asian communities to receive greatly inferior treatment by the police, leading to their involvement with the criminal justice system. Similar to the stop and search statistics, people from BME groups experienced more arrests per 1000 of the population than people of white backgrounds, and black people were 3. 3 times more likely to get arrested than white people (MJ, 2010). However, Phillips and Browns study in 1998 found that of the cases that went to the Crown Prosecution Service, the proportions that were terminated were 27 per cent for Asians, 20 per cent for black people and 12 per cent for white people (Bhui, 2009;35). This strongly suggests that black and Asian people were more likely to be arrested and charged without sufficient evidence to prosecute. Despite the conviction rates being substantially higher for white people compared to those from BME groups (MJ, 2010) in 2008, the percentage of white adults sentenced to immediate custody for indictable offences was under 29 percent, while BME groups ranged from 42 to 52 percent (MJ, 2010). This higher percentage is not necessarily due to discrimination, but rather a number of other factors, such as the seriousness of the offence committed, mitigating or aggravating factors and whether or not the defendant pleads guilty. Research has shown that people from BME backgrounds are more likely to plead not guilty, and hence be tried in a Crown court (MJ, 2010). In fact 48 per cent of black offenders plead not guilty compared to 30 per cent of white offenders. If offenders are found guilty after pleading not guilty, they are often given heavier and longer sentences (Marsh et al, 2010;178) and this may be a reason why there are more black offenders in prison. Although people from BME backgrounds account for less than 11 per cent of the British population, they account for a much higher proportion of the prison population. On the 30th June 2009, 20 percent of prisoners identified themselves as being from BME groups (MJ, 2010). The total prison population excluding foreign nationals has experienced increased numbers from all ethnic backgrounds since 2005, but most notably from Asian and Mixed groups. Those from a white ethnic background had the smallest increase (MJ, 2010). The result of such overrepresentation of people from BME backgrounds, in particular black people, is that there are some prisons in the south east of England that are now virtually all black (Ramesh, 2010). The disproportionate presence of people from BME groups could mean one of two things. People from BME groups may be discriminated against at the point of entry into the criminal justice system and this subsequently continues to the point of imprisonment. Alternatively, the groups are actually more involved in crime than others for reasons particular to that group (Hale et al, 2009;419). It is of common belief that the true answer lies somewhere between the two theories, yet self report studies have indicated that white people commit just as much or even more crime than those from BME groups (Kalunta-Crumpton, 2010). Evidence from several studies has shown that there are three overarching causes for the overrepresentation of BME groups in the Criminal Justice System, all of which compound each other. Firstly, social exclusion is a longstanding primary cause (House of Commons; Home Affairs Committee (HC), 2007). Secondly, factors specific to the black community such as family patterns and cultures amongst black people, both fuel and compound socio-economic deprivation. Thirdly, the structure and the way the criminal justice system operates mean more young BME people come into contact, and stay in contact, with the system (HC, 2010). There is considerable racial inequality in the criminal justice system with a massive underrepresentation of people from BME backgrounds in judiciary and court positions (Marsh et al, 2010;179). A recent report by the Ministry of Justice found that, as of April 2009 in the courts based judiciary, a mere 4. 5 per cent of judges were from BME backgrounds, and represented just 3 of the 163 High Court judges (MJ, 2010). This is a point that was highlighted in the Lawrence Inquiry, and in particular the failure of the police service to recruit minority ethnic officers. Recommendation 65 of the Lawrence Report stated that the police service ought to develop more initiatives to increase the number of minority ethnic recruits (Bhui, 2009;54). Despite such attempts to recruit more people from BME groups, the police force is still a predominantly white institution with only 4. 4 percent of officers in post coming from a BME background (Hansard, 2010), and this is reflected in the feelings of people from BME groups. A study conducted by Shute et al showed that one fifth of black defendants felt that their treatment had been influenced by racial bias (Marsh et al, 2010). Of the black and Asian defendants who thought that they had been given longer custodial sentences, over half put it down to their ethnicity rather than what they had done or said in court (Marsh et al, 2010), indicating the feeling amongst people from BME groups that institutional racism still exists within the criminal justice system. Such thoughts of institutional racism within the criminal justice system were again identified with the tragic incident in March 2000 when Zahid Mubarek, a 19 year old Asian prisoner at Feltham young offender institution, was murdered by a cell mate with a history of racist and violent behaviour (Nacro, 2003). It is regarded that social exclusion is the key reason for the overrepresentation of ethnic minorities within the criminal justice system. BME groups are socially and economically disadvantaged compared with white people and are more likely to come to police attention (Bhui, 2009;34). This socio-economic disadvantage stretches back to the post-war period when the first settlers from the Caribbean were forced into ghettoes because of racial prejudice and restricted access to accommodation, resulting in them being stacked in deprived areas where schools were substandard, employment opportunities were minimal and long-term prospects to hold the family together were limited (HC, 2010). It is believed that the disproportional presence of ethnic minorities has arisen due to the idea that policing bares down more heavily on those that frequent public spaces more often (Maguire et al, 2007;437). This happens to be black and Asian people as they are still subjected to high rates of unemployment, homelessness and nocturnal shift work. It is noted that 80 per cent of black African and black Caribbean communities live in particularly deprived, high crime urban areas such as Neighbourhood Renewal Fund areas (Bhui, 2009;32). It is the combination of all of these factors that place such individuals at greater risk of being stopped and searched (Maguire et al, 2007;437). The House of Commons Home Affairs Committee found that in 2007, all the minority ethnic groups within the black category are consistently below the national average across all Key Stages, at GCSE and equivalent and Post-16. At GCSE and equivalent, 45 per cent of black Caribbean pupils, and 51 per cent of black African pupils achieved 5 or more A*-C grades compared to 57 per cent nationally (HC, 2007). The committee concluded that the failure of the education system to educate our black boys provides a breeding ground for disaffection that undoubtedly leads many to seek alternative means to obtain a good standard of living or gain respect from their peers (HC, 2007). Conversely, the recent report How Fair is Britain produced by the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC), shows that ethnic differences are narrowing at GCSE level, except for the top two highest performing groups; Chinese and Indian (EHRC, 2010). Educational underachievement is fed by rates of exclusion, which is higher for black young people than any other ethnic group. The 2006 Department for Education Skills (DfES) report shows that 9. 6 per cent of black Caribbean young people had had a fixed period exclusion compared with a national average for all pupils of 5 per cent (DfES, 2006). Excluded young people, regardless of ethnicity, are twice as likely to commit offences as children in mainstream school according to the Youth Justice Boards (YJB) survey completed by MORI. In a recent survey 23 per cent of young people in mainstream school said they had committed an offence in the last 12 months, while 60per cent of excluded young people say they had committed an offence over the same period (YJB, 2009). This is a clear indication that young black people are more likely to be excluded from school, and subsequently more likely to offend. Asian children on the other hand had the lowest exclusion rates, followed by children with one white and one Asian parent (EHRC, 2010). The success of Asian children in education ties in with their low offending rates. Such traits have traditionally been explained as the result of strong informal controls said to inhere in Asian culture and family life (Webster, 2010;97). In 2007, at a time of growing gun and knife crime, former Prime Minister Tony Blair, insisted that we needed to stop pretending it was a problem for the general population (Blair, 2007), but rather an issue for the black community to resolve (Hale et al, 2009). This idea has been reaffirmed in statistics such as the figures from Operation Trident, a Metropolitan Police Service operation intended to deal with shootings among black people living in London in 2006. The operations findings detailed in the Home Affairs Committee report showed that, of all the firearms homicides and shootings in 2006 in London, 75 per cent of victims and 79 per cent of suspects were black (HC, 2010). These statistics reflect the idea that the majority of offending by people from minority ethnic backgrounds is intra-racial. It was also found that the boroughs with the highest firearms offences such as Hackney and Lambeth had the highest density of black population in London, as well as being some of the most deprived (HC, 2010). Furthermore, recent research in the UK suggests that homicide rates are associated with levels of poverty and deprivation (HC, 2010). It is this level of involvement and overrepresentation that is the greatest cause for concern for some sections of black and minority ethnic communities. The Director of Equalities and Policing at the Greater London Authority, Lee Jasper said of the situation we have, quite literally, a crisis in the black community among our young black people (HC, 2010). Self report studies ask some general questions about the respondents social and economic situation and then they are asked to describe any offences that they have committed. This technique relies solely upon the honesty of interviewees to reveal their offending behaviour. Self report surveys have produced controversial findings and in particular have suggested that race differences usually observed in official records are either absent or much reduced (Bowling and Phillips, 2002;99). The 2003 Offending, Crime and Justice Study found that in actual fact, white respondents were more likely than black or Asian respondents to say that they had offended (Bhui, 2009;32). The findings of such studies have indicated that the dark figure of crime is more likely to be committed by white people than those from BME backgrounds (Kalunta-Crumpton, 2010). In Australia, they face a slightly different issue, in that the indigenous population of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander people are massively overrepresented in the justice system, and it is a result of historical discrimination, over-regulation and unfair treatment (Australian Law Reform Commission, 2006). Indigenous people make up 2. 5 per cent of the population in Australia, yet in 2008 they accounted for 29. 3 per cent and 24. 1 per cent of the female and male prisoners respectively (Bartels, 2010); a rate 17 times higher than that for non-indigenous people (Australian Institute of Criminology, 2010). These figures varied throughout the different territories of Australia. For example, in Victoria, Indigenous people accounted for 6 per cent of the prison population, much lower but still overrepresented compared to their presence in the general population. In the Northern Territories however, the situation is much worse, with Indigenous people representing 83 per cent of the prison population. This is a startling illustration of the massive overrepresentation of Indigenous population in the criminal justice system. One explanation considered by some authors such as Bartels, is that the Indigenous population is significantly younger than the non-indigenous population. A census in 2006 found that the median age for both Indigenous and Non-Indigenous populations was 21 and 37 respectively (Australian Government, 2008), and thus a reason for the high number of Indigenous people coming into contact with the criminal justice system. In the United States of America, they face a similar if not more extreme situation than in Britain and most Western European countries. The Washington DC based research group, The Sentencing Project reported that today there are more African American men in prison and jail than in college (Walker et al, 2007;xiii). Despite black people only representing 12 per cent of the United States population, nearly half of all prisoners in the USA are African-American (Webster, 2007), and it is predicted that nearly one third of African-American males born today will go to prison (Ramesh, 2010). The US Justice Department have released statistics that suggest approximately 40 to 45 per cent of the US prison population is black (Ramesh, 2010), and that black people represent 31 per cent of arrests and 37 per cent of all violent arrests. Walker et al concluded in The Color of Justice, that the US criminal justice system is contextually discriminatory, in that discrimination does occur within certain parts of the system but not all parts, all of the time (Walker et al, 2007;419). The recent statistics from the Ministry of Justice paint a very clear picture as to the substantial differences that exist between the experiences of BME groups compared with white people, and in particular the experiences of black people. The central problem with the disproportionate presence of ethnic minorities in the criminal justice system is their under-representation in criminal justice professions coupled with their overrepresentation as suspects, defendants and prisoners (Newburn, 2007). Longstanding tension between the police and ethnic minorities still plays a significant part in the discrimination of ethnic minorities and is demonstrated in such documentaries as The Secret Policeman (Daly, 2003), highlighting that racism within the police force still occurs. Although many positive steps have been taken to eliminate institutional racism within the police force since the Lawrence Inquiry, there is still more that needs to be done. The police are not the only institution criticised of being discriminatory, with the Prison service also displaying such traits. It could be argued that the criminal justice system as a whole is still considered institutionally racist. Minority ethnic communities around the world are suffering from the same issues faced by those in England and Wales. The Australian prison population figures illustrate the startling discrimination the indigenous population of Australia face. The United States of America have a justice system described as contextually discriminatory (Walker et al, 2007;419), with an increasing population of black prisoners, many of which have committed violent or drug related offences. Despite numerous studies by academics and government departments, it has been considered that all research has failed to conclusively prove whether the disproportionate presence of people from minority ethnic backgrounds in the criminal justice system is through discrimination or other factors (Webster, 2007). It would appear however, that BME groups are most definitely overrepresented at every stage of the criminal justice system. From the findings of self report studies it can be inferred that the overrepresentation of ethnic minorities is not a result of disproportionate offending, but rather a combination of different factors. Similarly, the issue is not one solely of institutional racism within the criminal justice system. Unfortunately people from minority ethnic backgrounds live in the most deprived urban areas, with the highest crime rates, and therefore are undoubtedly over-policed. Young people from BME backgrounds are consistently underachieving in education and are almost twice as likely to have a fixed period of exclusion compared to the national average, and subsequently twice as likely to offend. Upon being charged for an offence, people from BME backgrounds are more likely to plead not guilty, and hence tried in the Crown court, where if found guilty, will receive a heavier sentence. It is the compounded effect of these factors that are the major cause of the disproportionate presence of ethnic minorities within the criminal justice system, and without addressing these issues first and foremost, their presence will simply increase.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Profit

Profit Introduction Some companies’ have pegged their performance on profit realized in a given period of time. The level of profit reached determines whether the company is successful or not. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Profit-Oriented Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These companies compel the managers to adopt those strategies that will enable the business to achieve the highest level of profits as compared to other similar businesses in that industry. These are termed as profit-oriented companies (Lagerstron 1). These companies do not take part in corporate-social responsibilities but they instead focus on money generating activities. Government intervention The government has been in the forefront campaigning for companies to adopt corporate-social responsibilities (Petkoski 5). In these campaigns, companies are encouraged to give back to the society as a way of compensating the society for the in efficiencies caused. The compensation may be given because of pollution caused to the environment, the usage of the society’s resources such as man power, security effected because of individuals’ presence in the society and vital information provided to the organization amongst others. In order to attain this, the government is encouraging businesses to adopt corporate-social responsibility as an appreciation of what they get from the society. According to (Kotler Lee 1-135), companies should give something small back to the society. This can be through charitable activities such as sponsoring bright and needy students, building of schools and hospitals and other activities which are beneficial to the society. The move by many companies A number of companies have made a decision not to adopt Corporate-Social Responsibility and have cited some arguments in support of their decision (Baker 1-5). To start with, the business is a shareholder’s property managed b y the managers through the existence of an agent-principal relationship. These managers expend the shareholder’s wealth in the name of undertaking corporate-social responsibilities. Shareholders consider this as theft of their wealth. The shareholders are against this concept because their money is used and it is not their duty to run the business, instead it is the managers who are charged with this responsibility as THEIR agents.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, it is argued that very successful businesses or individuals waste none of their time taking part in CSR with examples of Bill Gates. They are still successful with a lot of wealth even after not incorporating CSR. Thirdly, some businesses have not developed well and thus, they cannot go on expending cash on unnecessary social projects which are costly while they have an uphill task to dea l with. These companies consider themselves to be too busy in pursuing their core goals than engaging in CSR. As a matter of fact, small companies have a small pool of money which is not enough for growth and development. For these small businesses to achieve potential growth, the management is obliged to generate sufficient profits so as to be able to engage themselves in a comprehensive CSR (Longernecker et al 33-34). To conclude, some business owners argue that it is the work of the politicians to attend to the needs of the society. Therefore, the owners are not satisfied when they engage in social functions which are supposed to be undertaken by politicians. They see politicians as having neglected their role of attending to the society. Thus, if the business owners participate in CSR then, it will imply that they are taking jobs that belong to politicians. Their argument is that the core reason for establishing a business is profit maximization. Profit cannot be the primary g oal According to (Vivek 3-4), being profit oriented does not mean that the company is the most profitable. In his views, those companies that end up being profitable are not entirely profit oriented. In addition, it is argued that the happiest people are not the ones who pursue happiness. This depicts that companies which are perpetually profit oriented are not necessarily the ones that emerge out to be the most profitable. However, profitable companies are the ones which cultivate, establish and maintain good relationships with various stakeholders such as customers, suppliers and employees. For example, Lehman Brothers and Enron were profit oriented in the long run. However, pursuit of personal interests by the firm’s employees culminated into failure (of the firm). This resulted to unfair treatment of employees creating discontent. Public and private goals Companies have different goals that they must achieve in order to survive in the long term as going concern entities. These goals range from public to private goals. Once a company has achieved these goals, it is capable of competing with other companies. Public goals are related to attending to the society at large while private goals relates to those goals that are unique to a company. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Profit-Oriented Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the company is in need of achieving public goals, it must perform those things that are beneficial to the society. Companies that pursue public goals end up becoming market leaders in the industry. The government has continued to encourage companies to engage in CSR in an effort to promote development across all boundaries. It also creates a good atmosphere for firms to conduct their corporate activities (Leaders Summit 1-2). In addition to public goals, businesses pursue private goals which are unique from one business to another. An example of a priv ate goal is profit maximization (Lagerstron 4). For a business to be successful, it must generate adequate profits. Some businesses have in the past generated very high profits only to decline in the future. An example of this is ICI which was once one of Britain’s leading companies. The company was making a lot of significant profits from its operations. However, due to failure of the firm to incorporate CSR, the firm was overtaken by other companies. This means that companies willing to enhance their profit levels should engage themselves in corporate social responsibilities. This is important because the company establishes a good relationship with customers, employees and suppliers (Dedhia 1-10). Through this relationship, the firms can establish a strong customer base that will guarantee sales to the company. This facilitates the company to experience a high sales turnover leading to high profits to the company. Consequences Companies will continuously be encouraged to undertake corporate social responsibility in their operation. Multinational companies from Latin America (Lourdes 1-17) have emerged to be great companies in the industry because they have adopted corporate social responsibilities. The move attracted many customers that have enhanced the growth of businesses (Gwendolyn 2). According to (Supert 1), CSR emerged in the 1980s and its incorporation by multinational companies has made these multinationals to become the world’s most profitable companies. These companies were involved in poverty alleviation in the society among other activities. The resultant effect was an improvement in their public image. This made them more acceptable to the society. Conversely, companies such as Bear Sterns did not come out successfully because they neglected the idea of corporate social responsibility. This therefore indicates that those companies which adopt CSR have a higher probability of succeeding as compared to companies that ignore the concept. Over the recent years, there has been a rampant growth in the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility in the firm’s course of operation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Profit oriented companies as discussed above are not necessarily market leaders. The management may be doing their best, but because of failure to engage in CSR, employees end up bringing them down. Therefore, a company needs to undertake corporate social responsibility to enhance its probability of success. The managers should also realize that any failure to manage these companies properly can result in low returns (CSR press release 1-3). Baker, Mallen. Corporate social responsibility. Web. CSR press release. Managing corporate social responsibility. New York: Ethical Corporations, 2003. Print. Dedhia, Manish. How to build good customer relationship. Web. Gwendolyn, Cuizon. What is corporate social responsibility? How will CSR benefit the Company. Europe: Double Dragon Publishing, 2007. Print. Kotler, Philip and Lee, Nancy. Corporate social responsibility: doing the most good for your company and your cause. Washington: John Wiley Sons, 2005. Print. Lagerstron, Mitra . Performance measurement and management control system; profit- oriented vs. non profit corporations. Sweden: Lund’s University, 2002. Print. Leaders Summit. Role of government in promoting corporate responsibility and private sector engagement in development. New York: UN Global Compact, 2010. Print. Longernecker, Justin, Moore, Carlos and Palich, Leslie. Small business management; an entrepreneurial emphasis. USA: Cengage Learning, 2005. Print. Lourdes, Casanova. Corporate social responsibility and the Latin American multinationals. France: strategy Department, 2010. Print. Petkoski, Djordjija. Public policy for corporate social responsibility. World Bank Institute: Nigel Twose, 2003. Print. Supert, Christian. Corporate responsibility-driven towards standardization? SLU: Department of Economics, 2005. Print. Vivek, Kaul. Profit can’t be primary goal of business. Mumbai: Deligent Media Corporations Ltd, 2010. Print.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Ancestry and Family Tree of President Ronald Reagan

Ancestry and Family Tree of President Ronald Reagan A well-loved Hollywood actor, Ronald Reagan appeared in over 50 feature films. In 1966, he was elected as governor of California and, in 1980, he became the 40th president of the United States (1981-1989) Born in 1911 in Tampico, Illinois, Ronald Wilson Reagan was the second son of John (Jack) Reagan and Nelle Wilson. He was the great-grandson, on his fathers side, of Irish immigrants who came to America through Canada in the 1940s. His mother was of Scottish and English ancestry. Learn about his other family members using this family tree, which is presented by generation. First Generation 1. Ronald Wilson REAGAN was born on 6 Feb 1911 in Tampico, Illinois and died on 5 Jun 2004. He is buried on the grounds of the Ronald W. Reagan Presidential Library, Simi Valley, Ventura Co., CA. In 1950, Ronald Reagan married actress Sarah Jane Mayfield (stage name Jane Wyman). They had two girls- Maureen Elizabeth born in 1941 and Christine who died at birth in 1947. In 1945 they adopted a baby boy named Michael. Jane and Ronald divorced in 1948 and, on 4 March 1952 Ronald Reagan married another actress, Nancy Davis (born 6 July 1921). Named Anne Francis Robbins at birth, Nancy took the surname Davis when her stepfather, Dr. Loyal Davis, adopted her in 1935. Nancy and Ronald had two children- Patricia Ann (Patti) in 1952 and Ronald Prescott in 1958. Second Generation (Parents) 2. John Edward (Jack) REAGAN was born on 13 Jul 1883 in Fulton, Whiteside Co., IL. He died on 18 May 1941 in Santa Monica, Los Angeles Co., CA. 3. Nelle Clyde WILSON was born on 24 Jul 1883 in Fulton, Whiteside Co., IL. She died on 25 Jul 1962 in Santa Monica, Los Angeles Co., CA. John Edward (Jack) REAGAN and Nelle Clyde WILSON were married on 8 Nov 1904 in Fulton, Whiteside Co., IL and had the following children: i. John Neil REAGAN was born on 16 Sep 1909 in Tampico, Illinois.1 ii. Ronald Wilson REAGAN Third Generation (Grandparents) 4. John Michael REAGAN1,2 was born on 29 May 1854 in Peckham, Kent, England. He died of tuberculosis on 10 Mar 1889 in Fulton, Whiteside Co., IL. 5. Jennie CUSICK1 was born about 1854 in Dixon, Lee Co., IL. She died of tuberculosis on 19 Nov 1886 in Whiteside Co., IL. John Michael REAGAN and Jennie CUSICK were married on 27 Feb 1878 in Fulton, Whiteside Co., IL3 and had the following children: i. Catherine (Katy) REAGAN1 was born in Jul 1879 in Fulton, Whiteside Co., IL.1ii. William REAGAN was born on 10 Jan 1881 in Fulton, Whiteside Co., IL. He died on 19 Sep 1925 in Dixon, Lee Co., IL.2 iii. John Edward (Jack) REAGANiv. Anna REAGAN was born on 14 May 1885 in Fulton, Whiteside Co., IL. 6. Thomas WILSON4,5 was born on 28 Apr 1844 in Clyde, Whiteside Co., IL. He died on 12 Dec 1909 in Whiteside Co., IL. 7. Mary Ann ELSEY4,5 was born on 28 Dec 1843 in Epson, Surrey, England. She died on 6 Oct 1900 in Fulton, Whiteside Co., IL. Thomas WILSON and Mary Ann ELSEY were married on 25 Jan 1866 in Morrison, Whiteside Co., IL and had the following children: i. Emily WILSON4,5 was born on 12 Nov 1867 in Clyde, Whiteside Co., Illinois.ii. John WILSON4,5 was born on 9 Oct 1869 in Clyde, Whiteside Co., Illinois. He died on 21 Jun 1942 in Clinton, Iowa.iii. Jennie WILSON5 was born on 16 Jun 1872 in Illinois. She died on 8 Mar 1920.iv. Alexander Thomas WILSON5 was born on 30 Mar 1874 in Illinois. He died on 26 Apr 1962.v. George O. WILSON5 was born on 2 Mar 1876 in Illinois. He died on 3 Apr 1951 in Clinton, Iowa.vi. Mary Lavinia WILSON5 was born on 6 Apr 1879 in Illinois. She died on 6 Sep 1951 in Fulton, Whiteside Co., IL.3 vii. Nelle Clyde WILSON

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Quality improvement in clinical practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Quality improvement in clinical practice - Essay Example Sufficient application of patient safety within various organisations contributes to overall quality of services offered within a specified establishment. Patient safety and healthcare quality, therefore, remain two components which affect each other directly. This paper seeks to analyse the element of patient safety within various healthcare organisations. The paper presents a discussion of the various factors influencing the occurrence of patient safety incidents within a hospital setting. Patient safety incidents become significantly affected by three major factors; human factors, medical complexity and system failures within healthcare organisations. Majority of issue leading to the occurrence of these instances could be regulated through adoption of efficient patient safety framework and policies, enhancing patient safety. The current framework includes guidelines provided by government organisations regarding processes of implementing sufficient patient safety policies. Numerou s organisations continue to follow the government provisions; however, modifications enhancing safety become necessary in increasing the efficiency of the safety systems. These modifications, however, must conform to the provisions of regulating government authorities, charged with overseeing implementation of patient safety. ... ons 13 References 14 Introduction Patient safety refers to the prevention of erroneous occurrences, related to healthcare provision, which could present adverse effects on patients. Comprehensive safety includes the capacity for employees to operate within stipulated regulations, seeking to minimise occurrence of medical mistakes (Hughes, 2008). Such medical errors could potentially harm patients through presenting a hazard to patients. The inclusion of these regulations within different healthcare establishments ensures that patients remain unexposed to dangers, while residing within these establishments. Patients commonly attribute patient safety to quality healthcare; hence seek healthcare from organisations where they feel safe. Safety of patients remains fundamental to establishing a good reputation for various healthcare organisations. Enhanced safety operation ensures minimal cases of injuries and deaths of patients while residing within hospitals. The inclusion of safety proc edures within the healthcare sector remains fundamental in improving the quality of services offered within healthcare organisations. Patient safety has been identified as an indistinguishable component of overall patient safety (CokerGroup, 2008). Through patient safety, the balance realised between the realised operational procedures and provided guidelines comprise patient safety. The quality of healthcare resides within the perception of individuals receiving the care. This perceived quality could become enhanced through ensuring patient safety while receiving medical services, within a medical organisation. Enhanced patient safety, therefore, signifies quality healthcare to the recipients of the services. While safety procedures can become clearly defined, quality cannot be defined,

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Imperialism was always seen as positive for Westerners, but as Essay

Imperialism was always seen as positive for Westerners, but as destructive by the peoples of Africa and Asia. To what extent does this statement appear to be true - Essay Example This was a major step by these countries in the west but to the subjects, i.e. Africa and Asia, this was a bad dream if not a nightmare. Africa was specifically chosen because in Africa, declining empires and wars among the locals left many states vulnerable. Furthermore, it would make available of the raw materials e.g. rubber and tin not locally available in the region and would also create a ready market for the goods. The force of European commerce, culture and power in Asia resulted to a rise to growing trade in goods/commodities that were a key development in modern world free market economy. The motives of this imperialism which were accomplished by the end of the 19th century were improving communications, medical advances, and military technologies. By 1860, Africa was still developing internally on its own terms. The dynamism and importance of Africa on the global continuum supports the theory that Africa would have evolved/developed and sustained level of advancement/devel opment and civilization without the contact with imperial forces. Also, many states had been weakened by slave trade1. On one hand, the imperialism was damaging as it led to large portions of Africa came under European colonial rule. When the imperialists saw how divided and uncivilized the local people were, they thought that with a little help they can easily conquer and rule the land. Another factor that enhanced their morale was the primitive weapons used by Africans and also they took advantage of the hospitality of the local people. This style is called ‘divide and rule . Westerners sought to fight African tribes among themselves which made it easier for them to take control and earn the ‘free’ land. Another damaging factor was famines that resulted in regions where farmers grew cash crops for export for imperialistic nations instead of food for local use. Indigenous people lost

Saturday, November 16, 2019

US Role in International Environment Essay Example for Free

US Role in International Environment Essay The rational presented by President Bush in the 2002 National Security Strategy against the aggression in Iraq is that â€Å"nations need not suffer an attack before they take lawful actions in defending themselves. † Mainly, preemption has been the tactical defense employed by the Bush administration throughout the Iraq aggression, which was guided by the September 11 incident. This tactic shall also employ international cooperation amongst the world’s greatest power, thus initializing the further growth of hegemony. However, this view on eradicating the tyranny that Saddam Hussein is posing on the world; it shall serve as a grand strategy that shall benefit America and the rest of the world. This war, is viewed as war with â€Å"different fronts against same enemies. † Meaning, the war in Iraq is about eradicating the dictatorship of Hussein, at the same time trying to impose the tenets of democracy within the Iraqi people while also attempting to seize the economic and political opportunities that shall come once the occupation in Iraq has succeeded. However, the ongoing aggression which was not anticipated by American government to take this long, is an indicator that their strategies have failed. They have failed because they overlooked the moral obligations that the US should play in international arena. Their efforts were too concentrated on the political and economic grounds that they neglected the moral subjectivities of war which rendered them the criticisms coming from different concerned groups around the world. Thus, the possible problem that may arise is that, the US over-indulgence in imposing their idea of democracy in the world could be sometimes detrimental to world peace stability when being imposed at the wrong time and through the wrong processes. (2) Globalization is the phenomena of increasing interdependence among nations, which reaches through the areas of politics, economics, military capabilities, culture, religion and social systems. Barnett’s article discusses the two facets that globalization creates. One is the emergence of â€Å"functioning core†, and the other is its counterpart, the â€Å"non-integrating gap†. This only shows that where globalization occurs, it also creates direct relationship wherein it is prevalent between nations. Globalization gives rise to either economic stability or its demise, depending on who acts as the core or the gap – wherein in the â€Å"core† gains from the loss of the â€Å"gap†. Consequently, as globalization extends towards the military reach and supremacy of interdependent nation, it also creates an avenue for military challenges and pursuits. The war in Iraq is an example of how globalization was utilized to create allies against the proliferating communist ideals. The global hegemon US (core) uses their allies (less developed countries which serve as the gaps) in order to strengthen their forces against Iraq. Personally, I believe that this description is an accurate representation of how globalization works. The current international system has now shown and proven how one nation rises as world power before other weaker countries, due to the interplays that belief in globalization creates. Globalization breeds a playing ground that only stronger nations can surpass, while creating a pitfall for the weaker states. (3) There have been several changes that occurred within the US military bases, the most important is the movement away from the current Demilitarized Zones (DMZ) towards the creation of global network facilities that shall further enhance security purposes. This action prompts the creation of â€Å"lily pads† or â€Å"warm bases† that shall serve as staffed facilities and jump-off points in case a crisis arises within the areas close to these points. These changes are made as political and military reaction to the current situation that US forces has encountered. These changes are necessary to strengthen their hold for military, economic and political supremacy around the world. Having been battled by the instability caused by the increasing terrorist attacks around the world, these changes are reactions geared towards improving their security system and protectionism for the prevailing status quo. This is a necessary change to foster regional stability and increased control within their ally countries. (4) The first article by Gaddis, speaks of the US policy utilizing war as an avenue of gaining political, economic and military supremacy. They use military strength to inculcate their beliefs towards other countries which are relative unstable when it comes to government control. The second article by Barnett, describes how globalization is used as a tool to create political, economic as well as military discrepancies between a strong and weak nation in order to gain control and supremacy. And lastly, Campbell and Ward’s article elaborates how the changes and regional tactics in US bases are used in order to gain back military confidence and strength towards establishing global control. Of the three factors, I think Barnett’s ideas are the most prevalent and important in explaining US policies. US being a main player in the emergence of globalization and the main beneficiary of the practices that it serves, highly recommends and imposes the theories of globalization towards weaker states, so that it can translate even bigger benefits for them more.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Cuban Missile Crisis Analysis Essay -- History Historical Cuba Essays

Cuban Missile Crisis Analysis Works Cited Missing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cuban Missile Crisis was one of the most important events in United States history; it’s even easy to say world history because of what some possible outcomes could have been from it. The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 was a major Cold War confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. After the Bay of Pigs Invasion the USSR increased its support of Fidel Castro's Cuban regime, and in the summer of 1962, Nikita Khrushchev secretly decided to install ballistic missiles in Cuba. President Kennedy and the other leaders of our country were faced with a horrible dilemma where a decision had to be made. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara outlined three possible courses of action for the president: "The political course of action" of openly approaching Castro, Khrushchev, and U.S. allies in a gambit to resolve the crisis diplomatically, an option that McNamara and others considered unlikely to succeed; "a course of action that would involve declaration of open surveillance" coupled with "a blockade against offensive weapons entering Cuba"; and "military action directed against Cuba, starting with an air attack against the missiles" (Chang, 2). When U.S. reconnaissance flights revealed the clandestine construction of missile launching sites, President Kennedy publicly denounced (Oct. 22, 1962) the Soviet actions. The options of taking military action against Cuba and Russia luckily never took place and President Kennedy chose to impose a naval blockade on Cuba and declared that any missile launched from Cuba would warrant a full-scale retaliatory attack by the United States against the Soviet Union. On Oct. 24, Russian ships carrying missiles to Cuba turned back, and when Khrushchev agreed (Oct. 28) to withdraw the missiles and dismantle the missile sites, the crisis ended as suddenly as it had begun. The United States ended its blockade on Nov. 20, and by the end of the year the missiles and bombers were removed from Cuba. The chosen level of analysis and international relation theory to explain this event are the individual-level of analysis and realism. This level of analysis focuses on the individuals that make decisions, the impact of human nature, the behavior of individuals acting in an organization, and how personality and individual experiences impact foreign policy... ...g by President Kennedy and his staff the world would have went to World War III and possibly would never have been the same again. This analysis explained the Cuban rebels in the Bay of Pigs invasion, the importance of the great leaders of the United States, the important decision making by the U.S. leaders, and the crazy leaders of the Soviet Union and Cuba. The Cuban missile crisis was a very dangerous episode, bringing the world’s major military powers to the brink of nuclear war. This event was important to world history and to all the main leaders involved. President Kennedy was assassinated shortly after that, but is still regarded as one of the best Presidents in U.S. history mainly because of how he dealt with that event. Fidel Castro and the country of Cuba are not recognized by the U.S. to this day and are still banned from trade. The Soviet Union has collapsed since the Cuban Missile Crisis and is now known as Russia. The Soviet Union is no longer a communist government and now gets along well with the United States. The bottom line is that this one event prevented a possibly world wide tragic nuclear war and has greatly affected the way the world is shaped today.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Cleanliness is Next to Goldenness Essay

Each fall thousands of high school graduates, enter their next phase of life, the college phase. Arriving on campus filled with excitement and waiting for all the hectic college experiences. Finding classrooms, ordering books, late night studying, parties and sleeping in till three in the afternoon. The freedom is nice. A large part of college students are busy doing homework and socializing with others, and don’t have enough time to clean their living environment. By creating a time schedule in which each roommate can clean a certain area in the dorm will overall enhance a healthier living quarters. After the acceptance into a college or university, the next relative question would be, â€Å"Who will my roommate be?† and â€Å"What he/she will be like!† As cited by Romos and Torgler, â€Å"Specifically, when academics see that other academics have violated the social norm of keeping the common room clean, all else being equal, the probability of their littering increases by around 40%† (Romos, J., & Torgler, B., 2013). An unclean living area could result in, â€Å"Clutter or filth, clutter can collect dirt, provide a hiding spot for pests, and can cause trips or falls† (National Center for Healthy Housing, n.p.). People would think that everyone’s natural instincts is to pick up after themselves when they see clothes on the floor, dirty dishes in the sink, or a carpet that needs to be vacuumed. But never the less, studies show if one person in the home is careless about his or her things, the opposite person will eventually adapt the careless r outine. Another viewpoint that could be taking into perspective is, probably the student is to busy to clean, or perhaps their parents cleaned their surrounding for them. Being the bigger person in this type of situation by just cleaning up after them could potentially create an environment of cleanliness and the careless person will catch on. Although, having a dorm room to call your own isn’t quite what it’s made up to be. It is in fact ‘your room’. However, students should be mindful that they are sharing their living quarters with others. Bliss stated that, †We came to feel that students really ought to take more responsibility for their own space† (as cited in Chronicle of Higher Education, 1999).  Adjusting to college, sharing a room, living room and sometimes a kitchen can be deceiving. One thing about being apart of the dorm lifestyle is sharing your space. Within that space is your belongings as well as two or more peoples belongings. And by just being in control of your own personal belongings can in the long run result in a more organized environment. Granted, you may have a very heavy schedule, adapting to college could be overwhelming and stressful. You may not have much time to pick up after yourself or clean your surroundings. Be mindful, if your roommate has an unorg anized space and your side is kept up neatly, do not alter your habits for someone else. If this situation accrues, I highly suggest to sit down with all your roommates to discuss who and when everyone should clean the dorm. Thus, gives you and your roommates the opportunity to vent their opinions as will as solve any miscommunication problems. Becoming an adult can be life changing, there is more things in life that you are responsible for, as stated by Kurtus, â€Å"A person who has a reputation of being responsible is trusted to do things on his or her own, without supervision† (Kurtus , 2001). Taking full responsibility and owning up to all the mishaps that go on in your dorm is vary important. Being irresponsible can lead to a dysfunctional living area and can potentially lead your other friends not wanted to come over, because it’s dirty, unorganized or just filled with clutter. Sharing the responsibility of your room, living room, bathroom and perhaps the kitchen, can ultimately change the way you and your roommates work together. Creating a schedule that can be posted on the wall for everyone to read, with a helpful layout of who and when each roommate will clean a certain area in the dorm. This schedule will effectively mold a healthier and cleaner environment as the semester or year goes. This will c reate an overall respect, responsibility, self control and comfort knowing that the dorm is kept up and clean. Me and my three other roommates personally created a flexible schedule that helped each one of us. Within the first week of school, we sat down and figured out our class schedule and a preferred time frame that everyone was comfortable with. Every two days someone for example, was in charge of the bathroom, and living room. Along with those responsibilities also came with  taking personal care of your bed side such as, picking clothes off the floor, an organized work area and a straighten bed. With my previous personal experience, I came to the conclusion that having a schedule in place makes a huge difference, compared to when I go into another dorm with four other girls and they do not have a schedule. I tend to notice that if there is no schedule in place, the roommates just live day by day lives, without thinking to clean. â€Å"The messy room is emblematic, a strident statement. Feeling entitled to live on his or her own, more independent, â€Å"It’s my space, it’s my decision, it’s my life† (Pickhardt, 2012). Everyone makes their own decisions, either good or bad. Whether or not it’s choosing to clean, organize or just leave your area dirty, it’s totally up to you. However it will result in major consequences that will effect you in the long run. Affectively, keeping your area clean can create great habits that you will continue to follow in the future. References Chronicle of Higher Education. (1999). Can somebody at least do my laundry?. Chronicle of Higher Education, 46(11), n.p. (no doi or database) Kurtus, R. (2001, April 18). Being responsible shows character. Retrieved from http://www.school-for-champions.com/character/responsible.htm National Center for Healthy Housing. (n.p.). Healthy homes. Retrieved from http://health.nv.gov/Healthy%20Homes/HH_Resource_Booklet.pdf Pickhardt, C. (2012). The messy room. Retrieved from http://www.netplaces.com/positive-discipline/supervision-the-second-factor/the-messy-room.htm Romos, J., & Torgler, B. . (2013). Are academics messy? testing the broken windows theory with a field experiment in the work environment. Review Of Law & Economics, 8(2), 563-574. doi: 10.1515/1555-5879.1617 Willoughby, B. J., & Carroll, J. S. (2009). The impact of living in co-ed resident halls on risk-taking among college students. Journal Of American College Health, 58(3), 241-246. Retrieved from SPORTDiscus with Full Text.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Anime Addiction Essay

Anime had widely spread in the whole world, its positive and negative effects are continuously being debated. 1.What is the history of Anime? 2.What are the reasons Anime Addiction? 3.What are the common positive effects of anime Addiction? 4.What are the common negative effects of anime Addiction? Intoduction A.Background information B.Importance of the paper C.Statement of the problem D.Definition of terms  Anime addicton A.Reason of anime addiction 1.manga 2.video games 3.movies 4. anime series B. positive effect of anime addiction 1.culture 2.fashion 3.language 4.social interaction C.Negative effects of anime addiction 1.health 2.immoral activities 3.money disposal Conclusion. The rapid rise of anime has seen much controversy in this generation. We are bombarded with the popularity of anime where many people especially teenagers around the world were involved. anime Addiction is actually a very serious problem for it involves many people where only themselves can solve it. The history of anime began at the start of the 20th century, when Japanese filmmakers experimented with the animation techniques that were being explored in the West. The first generation of animators in the late 1910s included Ã…Å'ten Shimokawa, Jun’ichi KÃ… uchi and Seitaro Kitayama, referred to as the â€Å"fathers† of anime.[1] During World War II, propaganda films such as MomotarÃ…  no Umiwashi (1943) and MomotarÃ… : Umi no Shinpei (1945) were made, the later being the first anime feature film. During the 1970s, anime developed further, separating itself from its Western roots, and developing distinct genres such as mecha and its Super Robot sub-genre. Typical shows from this period include Lupin III and Mazinger Z. During this period several filmmakers became famous, especially Hayao Miyazaki and Mamoru Oshii. In the 1980s, anime was accepted in the mainstream in Japan, and experienced a boom in production. The rise of Gundam, Macross, Dragon Ball, and the Real Robot and space opera genres set a boom as well. The film Akira set records  in 1988 for the production costs of an anime film and went on to become a success worldwide. Later, in 2004, the same creators produced Steamboy, which took over as the most expensive anime film. Space Battleship Yamato and The Super Dimension Fortress Macross also achieved worldwide success after being adapted respectively as Star Blazers and Robotech. First generation Here are the first generation of the history of anime, Few complete animations made during the beginnings of Japanese animation have survived. The reasons vary, but many are of commercial nature. KatsudÃ…  Shashin (æ ´ »Ã¥â€¹â€¢Ã¥â€ â„¢Ã§Å"Ÿ, Moving Picture), a short which lasts 3 seconds, was possibly produced in 1907. The film was found in Kyoto in July 2005. The undated film consists of fifty frames drawn directly onto a strip of celluloid release. The discoverer, Natsuki Matsumoto, has speculated that it could be â€Å"up to 10 years older† than the previously first known Japanese animation, Imokawa Mukuzo Genkanban no Maki, released in 1917. However, while a date of circa 1915 is possible, there is no actual basis for this extreme speculation. Ã…Å'ten Shimokawa was a political caricaturist and cartoonist who worked for the magazine Tokyo Puck. He was hired by Tenkatsu to do an animation for them. Due to medical reasons, he was only able to do five movies, including Imokawa Mukuzo Genkanban no Maki (1917), before he returned to his previous work as a cartoonist. Another prominent animator in this period was Jun’ichi KÃ… uchi. He was a caricaturist and painter, who also had studied watercolor painting. In 1912, he also entered the cartoonist sector and was hired for an animation by Kobayashi Shokai later in 1916. He is viewed as the most technically advanced Japanese animator of the 1910s. His works include around 15 movies. Seitaro Kitayama was an early animator who made animations on his own, not hired by larger corporations. He even founded his own animation studio, the Kitayama Eiga Seisakujo, which was later closed due to lack of commercial  success. He utilized the chalkboard technique, and later paper animation, with and without pre-printed backgrounds. The works of these two pioneers include Namakura Gatana (An Obtuse Sword, 1917) and a 1918 film Urashima TarÃ…  which were discovered together at an antique market in 2007.[3] Anime and manga is not ‘kid stuff,’ and it’s nothing like American cartoons. Most of it is produced for a teenage or adult audience. Anime series change over time; the plot is often intricate, and characters change, grow, and often die. The unpredictibility and emotional depth of anime as opposed to American cartoons is part of the appeal. Many anime series such as ‘Evangelion’ or ‘Battle Angel Alita’ are quite introspective as well as action-packed, and study questions of love, trust, and other deep feelings. To understand anime, it is fairly important to have at least a little understanding of Japanese culture itself. Anime and manga are currently produced for an exclusively Japanese audience–authors are often shocked to hear that they have American or European fans–and are thus based on cultural assumptions and references that Americans find puzzling at best. Some important points: The Japanese view of the universe is that it is inherently amoral, unlike the American view, which is that the universe should be fair (and is, on TV). Therefore, good characters can die pointlessly, and evil can win. Also, people are not divided into good and bad–many anime characters are a complex mix of good and evil. Here are some of the problem statement of this paper; What is the history of anime; What are the reason’s of anime addiction; What are the common positive effect of anime addiction; And lastly what are the common negative effect of anime addiction. Technical words used in the research paper. Anime addiction A.Reason of anime addiction 1.Manga According to NekoChibi-chan Manga is addicting because (for every person) There is always some theme or event or story that people enjoy. No matter who, where, or what you like. If you find the right manga-With the right illustration- You start to like it and you start reading more of it. I think that the drawings and events make a big difference compared to a normal book making it more pleasurable. There is always a manga out there or two out there for everyone! 2.Video games According to asa123 japanese games has a good graphics compared to other’s like western games, and everytime you are playing in an anime games it feel like your’e actually in the game it self as the hero or heroine, and lastly the game player was really well executed for a 3D fighter. 3. Movies and series According to raiken blade of USA as a self-confessed anime addict, I’ll have to say that there are several reasons why anime movies and series is so addicting; Characters The first, and probably the most compelling reason of all, is the sheer beauty by which the makers create their characters. Out of all cartoons in the world, it is only in Japanese anime that I have seen such well rounded and realistic characters that are so distinctly human. Anime does not delude the viewers into thinking that someone can be perfect. The heroes and heroines in anime, beautiful as they may be, have their own flaws and insecurities. They’re not like the princesses in the cartoon fairy tales who are epitomes of grace and goodness, and are thereby incredibly flat and drab. Anime heroes and heroines are human, and their humanity makes them all the more interesting. Also, because they each have their own personalities, we’re sure to find at  least one character in every show with whom we can relate with and empathize with. And this is one of the biggest reasons why we get hooked in anime versus American cartoons because we’re always trying to find out what’s going to happen with our favorite characters. Plots The plots in anime are just as much reason to get addicted as the characters themselves. Anime Series are almost always gifted with great plots. The plots are seldom ever watered down to suit the audience, thus never undermining the intelligence of the viewers as some of the other cartoon series do. They anime makers can dish out the most elaborate plots and never worry whether anyone will understand whether they will be understood or not – after all, anime is not simply a franchise, it’s a form of art, and if people don’t understand it today. Then maybe the people of tomorrow will. Anime plots are always suffused with a sufficient amount of suspense, drama, intrigue, politics, and enough twists and turns to leave your jaw hanging. And not only that, they’re usually deep and always have a lesson attached to them. Animation Okay, let’s not deny it. Part of the reason why we watch anime is because it simply looks amazing. Although they are in 2D format, sometimes they are drawn even better then the ones that are created in 3D. Those overly large eyes, those gravity defying hairstyles, those weirder than weird clothes; they’re simply perfect and enough to make anyone keep coming back for more. The artistic amazement is just none stop however you look at it. â€Å"Korean Pop Addiction† Introduction Music is part of everyone’s life; countries around the world are continuously producing songs or music that may rise up, be popular, and could top the international music chart board. One of these country is Korea (Hanguk  Ã¢â‚¬Å"í•Å"ê µ ­Ã¢â‚¬ ), they are one of the 21st century rising country in the world because of how uniqueness their music is, how they sing the song, dance and produce its music video which captured many fans and became a Korean pop lover or Korean pop addict. Korea has many artists, and these artists are not immature artists, for they are trained very well first before standing in stage and perform in front of many people. Most of these artists have been starting their training at a very young age 15, and as an achievement they can make their debut after 4-5 years just like finishing a course in college, which can be a valid reason why Korean pop invasion is widely spread in the whole world for their artists are very professional. But before we sta rt with the problem or the topic, let us first define what addiction is, addiction is a state of being obsess with something. The rapid rise of Korean pop has seen much controversy in this generation. We are bombarded with the popularity of Korean pop where many people especially teenagers around the world were involved and are very fund of these, by collecting souvenirs and downloading music videos or any videos about Korean pop artists which leads to addiction. Korean pop Addiction is actually a very serious problem for it involves many people that cannot be cured by a physician nor a psychologist but only themselves; people involve; can heal or solve it. Korean pop Addiction is like obesity, for you need to have a proper discipline in order to lose weight, same goes with Korean pop addiction, you need to have proper discipline to minimize or lessen your obsession. Korean pop addiction will not be called a serious problem if there are no side effects. It holds many behavioral nega tive side effects that may affect the patient seriously, like for example, attempting murder. Many obsess fans had been doing this, and they are usually called the anti-fans. Aside from it having behavioral negative effects, it also holds positive effects that affect the person positively in the improvement of their life. One source of Korean pop addiction is the electronic communication network or simply what we call internet, where all information that a fan need can be found. History of Kpop or Korean pop. I. History of Kpop or Korean Pop Every word or thing exist in this world has its own history or background which tells us how that certain word or thing started to exist. The study of the history of Kpop or Korean Pop shows details how they started, who influence them and how they became popular or rise up. A.20th Century the history of Korean Popular music can be traced back to the 20th century when an American missionary started teaching an American and British folk songs at the school which were called changga (ì ° ¬Ãª °â‚¬) in Korean and were typically based on a popular western melody sung with Korean lyrics. 1.1940s-1960s According to Wikipedia, this is the year of the arrival of the Western culture. After the partition of Korean Peninsula, Western cultures was introduced into South Korea on a small scale with a few Western style bars and clubs playing Western music and were accepted by a wider crowd of young adults. Because of this, the United Service Organization made it possible for several prominent figures of American entertainment to visit the soldiers stationed in Korea which prompted attention from the Korean public. American music started influencing Korean music; Improvements in the recording systems encouraged the production in this year, which led to the pursuit of diverse voice tones. Korean musicians and singers formerly only performing at American clubs started opening up to wider audiences (â€Å"K-Pop†). 2.1970s According to Wikipedia, at the end of the 1960s and beginning of the 1970s Korean pop music underwent another transformation, a year of Korean hippie folk pop. Musicians now tended to university students and graduates and made music fun and self entertaining unlike the earlier generations. These young musicians were heavily influenced by American culture and lifestyle, unlike their predecessors who had to experience war and Japanese oppression. This generational conflict was well reflected in the reception of the folk pop music of the †²70s. The audience consisted mostly of students following the American hippie style in fashion and music alike, with guitars and jeans becoming a symbol of youth. Hippie folk pop remained popular among the youth so much so that the local television channel MBC(Music Bank Core) organized a music contest for university students which consequently led to the foundation of several modern music festivals. In this year, DJs also started  to become pop ular, deeply impacting teenage culture (â€Å"K-Pop†). 3.1980s According to Wikipedia, this year is called the era of the ballads, in which Korean entertainment started singing and liking the tune of the ballad music (â€Å"K-Pop†). 4.1990s  According to Wikipedia, the turning point happens in this year, where ballads were changed into different kind of styles like rap, rock and techno music. This turning point also led to the emergence of so-called idol bands composing of young boys and girls in one group (â€Å"K-Pop†). B.21st Century According to Wikipedia, towards the turn of this century, the K-pop genre began spreading out to other regions of the world as part of the global Korean wave. Many idols bands or groups debuted with different styles. Each are being classified as a boy band/group, girl band/group or a coed band/group which is a mixture of a boy and girl member (â€Å"K-Pop†). II.Kinds of Kpop or Korean Pop Fans If there’s one thing anybody notices about Korean Pop fans, it’s probably the fact that Korean Pop fans have one of the most unique subcultures of fandom ever created by any type of music in the world. Due to the rapid rise of Korean pop industries, and within the fandom of a group lie a whole bunch of different types of fans.And each fans falls into at least one category fans that defines what type or kind of fan a certain person is and how less or worse their addiction or obsession is. A. Anti-Fans According to Christopher NG, they are probably the weirdest product of Korean pop but anti-fans are the exact opposite of fans. The only goal of an anti-fan is to hate a specific group. They do this by trying to dig up all kinds of information about the past of the idol singer in hopes of creating a scandal and making the idols life miserable. They’ve also been known to start rumors that have become full blown scandals. Anti-fans are usually created out of jealousy. When their favorite idol starts dating or is even just rumored to be dating another idol, they automatically become anti-fans of that other idol. Some have even gone so far as to try and physically assault the Korean pop idols they hate (â€Å"The K-Pop Fandom Family Tree† 11). B.Babies According to Christopher NG, Korean pop babies are those who are relatively new to the Korean pop scene and usually focus on just one group, their fandom. This is the most critical time for a Korean pop fan because it can make or break interest in Korean pop as a whole. If a Korean pop baby is unable to find enough material such as music videos, variety show guestings and interviews of their favorite idols, chances are their liking of Korean pop will not take root and it will be very short lived (â€Å"The K-Pop Fandom Family Tree† 10).